加濃式社会的ニコチン依存度調査表(KTSND)を用いた大学生低学年の喫煙に対する意識調査と禁煙教育の効果 : 中央アジア諸国(カザフスタン共和国とウズベキスタン共和国)と日本(九州大学)の比較調査研究
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Smoking is a disease of substance abuse called nicotine addicts. Smoking rate among Japanese men is declining in the recent years, however, smoking rate of women, especially young women, is increasing in Japan. As the health education is strengthened at primary, secondary and high schools, smoking rates among high school students and graduates are declining. 90% of smokers start to smoke by age 20. If they did not start smoking by age 20, most people can select their life without nicotine dependency. Japan has signed and ratified the World Health Organization (WHO)'s Framework Convention of Tobacco Control (FCTC) in year 2004 but has been very slow in actually implementing it within the nation. Japan Tobacco Inc. (JT) continues to promote smoking with strategy targeting young people, especially women. Now it is the time to implement health education such as smoking impact on health, social and economic costs. Japan is most behind in actual implementation of tobacco control policy in the so-called advanced countries. Central Asia is among the most behind in tobacco control policy in the world. The Republic of Kazakhstan has signed and ratified FCTC in 2007, and most advanced among the region. The Republic of Uzbekistan has even not yet signed nor ratified, that is among the few most behind countries in the world. This paper looked at the college students of Japan, Republic of Kazakhstan, and Republic of Uzbekistan. Awareness of college students, mainly the first and second grades, of three countries, Japan, Republic of Kazakhstan and Republic of Uzbekistan, were studied using embedded mixed methods with an instrument called the Kano Test for Social Nicotine Dependence (KTSND). Participants were undergraduate students of various departments of Kyushu University for Japan, as well as international graduate students including those from Uzbekistan at the Graduate School of Law of Kyushu University; medical students at the Kazakhstan National Medical Academy (Astana Medical University) in Astana, and Japanese major students at the Kazakhstan State University in Almaty for Republic of Kazakhstan; Japanese major students at the University of Oriental Studies in Tashkent for Republic of Uzbekistan. The KTSND questionnaire survey consists of 10 questions rating from 0 to 3 each, Total full score 30. A few demographic questions and a question on smoking history as well as an open-ended question to ask what was the most impressive stories in the lecture. The questionnaire was carried out before and after the health education lecture on smoking. The lecture introduced world tobacco atlas with country statistics of smoking rates, non-smoking education materials in several countries, as well as summary of medical research of nicotine effects on people's health. Visual slide such as sperm of smokers vs. non-smokers as well as non-smoking posters were shown. At Kyushu University, additional open-ended data of 193 essays were collected and analysed. At all the university in all three countries, the total score of KTSND declined, that is improved, after the health education lecture. In each group, the score for the smokers were higher than that for non-smokers, but it declined in all groups. The score of smokers of Kyushu University undergraduates were much worse than the score of smokers in other studies in Japan and that of smokers in this survey of Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan college students. This is a worrisome result. Students answered as the most impressive issues in the health education lecture was that it made them aware of health harm of smoking, not only on throat and larynx but also for the whole body including sexual organs and fetus, hazardous impact of second-hand smoking (passive smoking). Many students in the Republic of Kazakhstan and the Republic of Uzbekistan were interested in the statistics of world atlas such as the smoking rates of countries, as well as the actual example of non-smoking campaign posters in foreign countries especially Europe. Qualitative analysis of 193 essays showed that more than 90% of students at the Ropponmatsu Campus think that this kind of health education is welcome and concerns were expressed for the risk of second-hand smoking of those who smoke while walking on campus. Stronger measures should be taken for tobacco control policy at the Kyushu University, especially at the Ropponmatsu campus where most students are under age 20. The current situation is against the law to protect minors from smoking. Given the Ropponmatsu situation, tobacco control policy at the new Ito Campus, after the campus move in the year 2009, where will host large number of older students as well, would be a great challenge.
- 九州大学の論文
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- 加濃式社会的ニコチン依存度調査表(KTSND)を用いた大学生低学年の喫煙に対する意識調査と禁煙教育の効果 : 中央アジア諸国(カザフスタン共和国とウズベキスタン共和国)と日本(九州大学)の比較調査研究