初期分裂病の「特異性」について : その批判的検討

概要

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Nobuo Nakayasu, a renowned psychiatrist, has insisted upon the specificity of four symptoms that occur only in the early phase of schizophrenia. In this case, the specificity means that the symptoms in question never occur in diseases other than early schizophrenia; hence finding these symptoms in a patient enables us to diagnose immediately that this patient suffers from early schizophrenia Despite Nakayasu's insistence and great influence, I argue against his assertion that the four symptoms have specificity: they occur not only in early schizophrenia, but also in other diseases. In the fiat section, I explain and criticize Nakayasu's thesis of early schizophrenia and its specific four symptoms. In the next section, I demonstrate non-specificity of the symptoms, giving cases in which these four symptoms have occurred in patients with OCD and Asperger's Syndrome. In the final section, I discuss problems that are raised by Nakayasu's assertion about the specificity of the symptom: the problem of uncertainty, of horizontal representation of other diseases, and of confirmation bias.