児童のテレビ視聴パターンと関連する個人差及び家族関係の変数について

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The purpose of this study is to examine to what extent the indices of individual difference and family relationship, taken in the study as independent variables, have on television viewing patterns, and the amounts of comic book and non-comic book exposure. Method: The Ss consisted of ninty 5th grade boys and ninty-six 5th grade girls from four elementary schools in a suburban area of Tokyo. The measures of two dependent variables TV viewing time and program content were obtained through a one week diary designed to complete a time table, and identify the names of the programs watched. The programs were later classified into three groups by a factor analysis. The first factor was named "general entertainment", the second, "informative", and the third, "animation". Also channel preference (NHK vs. commercial TV), and the amounts of comic book and non-comic book exposure as dependent variables were obtained by a questionnaire. The following were used as independent variables. Individual differerence Three kinds of cognitive styles (field independence-dependence, analytic-non analytic preference, impulsivity), intelligence, creativity, schoolwork, personality traits (emotional unstability, social maladjustment, general activity, extravart, dependency) and behavior ratings by teacher (attentiveness, activity, sociality, reflection). Family relationship Family communication pattern, maternal over-protectiveness and maternal emotional instability. Results and Discussion: Family relationship FCP (family communication pattern) was able to predict to some extent TVT (TV viewing time), TV-I (the amount of general entertainment program viewing), TV-III (the amount of animation type program viewing, only among girls) and channel preference. For girls, FCP was significantly related to TVT even when the other variables correlated with TVT were controlled. This indicates that the children, whose mother pay high regard to conciliatory human relation rather than critical-progressive attitude, spend more time in front of TV set, wacth more general entertainment type programs, and prefer commercial broadcast. And the girls have a tendency to watch more "animation" type programs. The facts are similar to the results of Chaffee et al.'s study on the relationship between FCP (socio-oriented communication vs. concept-oriented communication) and media use. Although maternal over-protectiveness and emotional instability were little related to any indices of TV viewing patterns, for girls they had significant negative correlation with the amount of book exposurre, and for boys maternal emotional instability had significant positive correlation with the amount of comic book exposure. In latter case, with the third variables contrlled, the relationship that the boys, whose mother were emotionable, read more cmics was showed. Individual difference Among girls, field dependence score had negative correlation with TV-I and V-III and positive correlation with book exposure. Both boys and girls, field dependent children had a tendency to turn on commercial broadcasting channels. Impulsive children tended to prefer commercial broadcast, which was remarkable for girls. Intelligence deviation value was related with channel preference and book exposure among girls. Highly intelligent girls prefered commercial broadcast and read more books. Among boys, creativity deviation value was related with TVT and comic book exposure. Highly creative boys watched less TV and read less comic books. The children, who had high schoolrecords for Natural Science, Mathematics, Japanese, and Social Studies, watched less general entertainment and animation type programs, and prefered NHK channels. Also they read more books and less comics. Emotionally instable children watched more animation type programs, and the girls read less books. Socially mal-adjusted children watched more animation type programs and read more comics. It is interesting that emotional instability and social mal-abjustment is related to comic book exposure. The children who had high ratings in attentiveness watched more informative type programs, less amimation type programs, prefered NHK TV, and read more books as opposed to comics. Reflective children had almost the same tendency, while active or socialable children read more comics.
国際基督教大学の論文

児童のテレビ視聴パターンと関連する個人差及び家族関係の変数について

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