大学入試の改革と学習評価の問題点 : 物理学習の評価にみられる高校生の特徴

概要

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Higher education in colleges and universities has become more and more popular in Japan. The increase of the number of students studying in universities has brought about various problems in universities and societies. For example, the applicants have a wide variety of interests, potentialities and characters and they don't necessarily want to devote themselves to the "search for truth". It is necessary to reconsider the role of universities, and each university should clarify the purpose of its education. Admission test should be an effective way to evaluate the desirable potentialities and character of applicants for the purpose of each university. But the traditional admission test in Japan seems to evaluate only the amount of students' knowledge and the capacity of application of the knowledge and fail to evaluate other important aspects such as creativity and expressiveness. The Learning Efficiency Tests adopted in ICU is a unique way of evaluating univerity applicants. The present admission system in ICU, however, should be reconsidered to improve the following weakness: (1) There seems to be a lack of common understanding on the test items (memory, analysis, etc.) among test constructors and Divisions; (2) ICU does not have its own evaluation on learning attainments of each student, resulting in the lack of standard to adjust the differences among high school records from different high schools and among preparatory school students; (3) The Learning Efficiency Tests and Schalastic Aptitude Test (SAT) seem to be a kind of "quick response test". Quick learning is an important aspect of learning attitude, but this is only one aspect of wider potentialities of learning. In a few words, it is necessary to reexamine the purposes of Learning Efficiency Test, SAT, and achievement test and to find the better and wider classification of the purposes of admission test. Achievement test is usually considered to be quite different from learning efficiency test. Achievement test is mainly used to evaluate the memory, understanding and application. On the other hand, capacity of analysis and integration is one of the important items to be evaluated by learning efficiency test. Well designed achievement test, however, can evaluate that kind of capacity which is closely related to creativity and expressiveness. A new type of achievement test was designed to make an overall evaluation of physics learning by high school students. The test was carried out in some high schools and the results were analyzed by statistical method. It was found that students are rather good at solving ordinary physics problems which are usually the application of physics laws and principles. As far as this kind of ordinary problems are concerned, students in "famous" high schools are better than those in lower class high schools. On the contrary, the students in the former high schools were found to, be as poor as those in the latter as for the capacity of analysis and integration. Other interesting result was that the students of highest scores in ordinary ploblems are not homogeneous group from the standpoint of the capacity of analysis and integration. Some are good at memory but poor at analysis and deductive thinking or vice versa. The above results suggest the necessity to develop the new type of achievement test as well as learning efficiency test.
国際基督教大学の論文

著者

石川光男
国際基督教大学理学科

大学入試の改革と学習評価の問題点 : 物理学習の評価にみられる高校生の特徴

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