民主主義の根底にあるもの

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The modern democracy as an institution has its rise in the Western world in the 18th century, as it is clear in the Virginian Constitution, the Declaration of Independence of America and the Declaration of Citizens' Rights in the French Revolution. In the Universal Declaration of Human Rights in 1948 reached the world current of democracy at its height. The leading conception of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights is a high appreciation of fundamental human rights-the notion of liberty and equality of man. Under the influence of the world movement of democracy, Japan established her new Constitution in 1946. The difficulty of Japanese democracy is that it is in lack of the spiritual basis which fosters the democratic way of thinking. First we have to find out what makes the impartial dignity of man possible. Man is not a mere biological creature but is endowed with a spirit by which he is able to criticize the natural order and to transcend his biological nature. Nevertheless he is not able to create this natural order itself. Here he faces the Absolute, his Creator. The true conception of the fundamental human rights is realized only in man's relation to the Absolute. So far as man is the created being, he is relative and his freedom and equality are also relative. The notion of man's equality lies in man's sharing the finiteneness with one another before the Infinite. His freedom, therefore, is limited by his sympathy for others, by the spirit of public welfare. The liberty and equality along with sympathy for the fellow human beings is the true conception of personality, which gives man the impartial dignity. Building up a true personality is the basis of democracy and it makes democracy vital.
国際基督教大学の論文

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小島軍造
国際基督教大学

民主主義の根底にあるもの

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