「認知語用論」の理論的基盤とその方向性
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概要
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This paper aims to elaborate on the theoretical basis of what the author refers to as "cognitive pragmatics" and to discuss its future directions. Cognitive pragmatics purports to a new analytical model for the study of language in a communicative context, which incorporates insights gained in the fields of pragmatics and cognitive linguistics. First, a historical overview of studies in pragmatics and cognitive linguistics and the interface of research between the two fields are presented, together with the view that some overlaps exist between them. Secondly, differences and similarities between the two are delineated in terms of the fundamental nature of research aims and explanatory principles on which analysis is based. It is then argued that the two are complementary, in that pragmatics, which is primarily concerned with the process of how contextual effects of linguistic forms are communicated, has been less interested in rigorous analysis of the conceptual and categorizing functions of language, while cognitive linguistics, which is predominantly concerned with how linguistic forms reflect fundamental cognitive capacities and experience-based knowledge, has devoted less attention to dynamic and communicative aspects of linguistic functions and language variation. The cognitive pragmatics is subsequently described as an integrated linguistic model whereby the processes of communicative effects are analyzed through psychological principles and conceptual analysis of cognitive linguistics, on the one hand, and conceptual aspects of linguistic forms and meaning are examined through communicative principles and functional analysis of pragmatics, on the other. Finally, future directions of the contribution of cognitive pragmatics are presented, first by reexamining the inferential process of conversational implicature in light of the cognitive construct called "reference points," and then by suggesting some other viable topics of its application for further studies.
- 2009-03-18