両大戦と日本農村社会の再編(大会報告・共通論題:20世紀の戦争と社会変動-経済社会秩序と国家介入-)

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This paper explores the changes that took place in Japanese farming villages from 1910 through 1950, as a result of the two World Wars and the Great Depression. The dismantling of the Japanese landowner system took place through a three-part process, beginning with the decline of the landowner system around the time of World War I. Next, we can see changes in the rural elite at the time of the Great Depression, and in World War II they lost their ability to function altogether. Postwar agrarian land reforms marked the last step in the dismantling of the landowner system in Japan. What drove the reorganization of Japanese farm village society from 1910 to 1950 was the maturation of farm management and the organization of farmers into groups, such as agricultural cooperative associations. During this time, agricultural villages underwent a change from a focus on producing their own food for consumption to a focus on small-scale production of commodities for sale in the market. Based on the rural economy regeneration movement of the 1930s, this change hinged on the efforts of a few core individuals in the agricultural village, and helped to create a new kind of village society. In other words, the organization of farmers' associations, and the new village societies that came about in the 1930s due to the Great Depression, firmly established the social basis for the landed farmer system that came about as a result of the post-WWII land reforms.
2006-04-30