第三共和政期フランスにおける労働局と社会改革

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The objective of this article is to study the impact from establishment of the French Office du Travail in 1891 that brought about the interplay of state intervention and private initiatives on the social reform under the Third Republic. First of all, Arthur Fontaine, who conducted the Office, attributed the reason of state intervention in social and labor policies to a role that guaranteed the existence of people and the realization of the national solidarity in the Republic. As for Emile Cheysson, who emphasized private initiatives in his patronage theory, he exceptionally agreed on the state intervention concerning official statistics, but finally he was disappointed by the activities of the Office. From the viewpoint of scientific analyze of labor, the cooperation between the Office and physiologists created a new stream in the French social reform. They found the shortening of working hours could lead to a higher productivity, and considered mechanization as a means to social progress. On the contrary, Cheysson favored restraining of economic development to stabilize the traditional social order. However, as for the application of the "Law of 13 July 1906 Establishing Weekly Day of Rest", the Office accepted a stubborn objection made by the Comite des Forges de France which stuck to the status quo. The influence of the Comite on the decision of the Office was made on the personal acquaintance between the General Secretary Robert Pinot and Arthur Fontaine. After all, before World War I the Office reservedly intervened in the business affaires, and paid continuing attention to the industrial circle's opinion. But it is noticeable that its activities had a prospect of economic modernization as a social reform. For lack of fundamental rationalization in the French industrial world, the idea of economic modernization from the Office proved to be one of good grounds for a state intervention after 1920s.
政治経済学・経済史学会の論文
2006-01-30

著者

齊藤佳史
専修大学

第三共和政期フランスにおける労働局と社会改革

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