戦時期樺太における製糖業の展開 : 日本製糖業の「地域的発展」と農業移民の関連について
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The beet sugar industry began in the mid-1930s in Karafuto (South Sakhalin). Previous studies have argued that the Karafuto Sugar Company was short of beet supplies because Karafuto farmers preferred to cultivate more profitable crops. However, upon careful analysis of the agricultural policy of the Agency of Karafuto, the business of the Karafuto Sugar Company, and the management of farms, this description is found to be incorrect. The aim of this article is to revise this conventional understanding, and offer a more accurate description. The encouragement of beet cultivation marked a change in the Agency's agricultural policy, which was previously against commercial cultivation by farmers. By supporting the Sugar Company, the Agency planned to create a stable market for beets, to let farmers earn managerial capital. However, this plan was not realized when the sugar company developed the dairy industry to complete the Karafuto model of agriculture, which combines beet cultivation and cow herding. The sugar company expected large-sized cow herding farmers to be their main suppliers of beets, but the company's dairy business unintentionally shifted them from crop cultivation to dairy farming. Therefore, for their beet supply, the sugar company was forced to rely on small-sized farmers without cows, who could not really take advantage of the Karafuto model of agriculture. The paradox of the sugar industry in Karafuto is made more obvious when we compare it with other colonies of the Japanese Empire. Comparison with Korea, Manchuria and Nan-yo (Japanese colonial Micronesia) shows that the sugar industry in Karafuto is characterized by two points: the sugar company operated both sugar manufacturing and dairy business together, and the supply of their materials was predominately unstable. Furthermore, as with Nan-yo, the history of the sugar industry in Karafuto should be understood in the context of modern Japanese emigration. Because the improvement of the standard of living was regarded as the main incentive for Japanese emigrants, the sugar industry was encouraged as a part of the agricultural emigrant policy both in Karafuto and Nan-yo. Thus, there was a close relationship between the sugar industry and agricultural emigration in modern Japan.
- 政治経済学・経済史学会の論文
- 2005-10-30
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