環境と生物 : 生物を調査して何がわかるか

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It is natural to say that the more the number of individual algae living on a certain area, the more the number of animals consuming it exists. Generally there are few number of individuals in a water area with poor nutrition, and more number of individuals in a water area with rich nutrition. Among organisms some have a limited range of adaptation and are used as an index to the environment. In general, organisms have great diversity in a pure water area, and little diversity in very pure water as well as a very polluted water area. When biologically judged by the index indicating water pollution, comparison between rivers is made with the use of the average score of the investigated place in a main river instead of a branch of the river. Biological oxygen demand (BOD) value is generally regarded as important as an index of water pollution. Since 20℃ is a standard for the measurement of BOD, BOD value is almost the same as an organic pollution in the water temperature close to 20℃. However, when the water temperature is low as in the winter season, the degree of organic pollution in rivers is considerably lower than BOD value. In order to make a comparative accurate measurement of the status quo of the water pollution, the best way is to make presumption by organisms in water.
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