乳がんの疫学

概要

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During recent decades, breast cancer incidence has been increasing in Japan. Epidemiological studies have clarified the trend in breast cancer incidence and identified risk factors for breast cancer. Established risk factors for breast cancer include early age at menarche, late age at first birth, low parity, postmenopausal obesity, family history of breast cancer, and history of benign breast disease. Breast-feeding and physical activity may also be associated with breast cancer risk. Detailed analyses have shown that the trend in breast cancer incidence in Japan might be explained by the change in prevalence of women with the above risk factors. These epidemiological findings have provided important information for elucidating disease mechanisms of cancer in other research fields. However, recently, epidemiologists themselves are also interested in disease mechanisms such as genetic factors that influence breast cancer risk. Although monitoring of cancer incidence and identification of risk factors remain to be the most important tasks in epidemiology, a new research category of molecular epidemiology is emerging, which focuses on gene-environment interactions.総説Review Article
東北大学の論文