産業革命期フランス・アルザス地方におけるパテルナリスム

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The object of this paper is to examine the significance of the welfare policy, so-called industrial paternalism, adopted by companies in Alsace during the Industrial Revolution. First of all, the central aim of industrial paternalism was to establish a system of reproduction for the labor force which was to be organized through industrial discipline. However, since Alsatian factory workers of the nineteenth century were still characterized by the ethic of <<moral economy>>, the industrialists had to take account of their traditional economic values, while attempting to accomplish their capitalistic ends. Besides, the economic crises, which came about under the government's laissez-faire policy, were aggravated in Alsace because of the large scale of factories, which awoke an acute consciousness in the industrialists about the contradictions of the market economy system. Alsatian industrialists, unlike their counterparts from other regions, allowed the workers to separate completely from the agricultural sector. This was because the stagnation in agriculture brought about a large rural surplus population which could be taken in by the industrial sector. Under such circumstances, Alsatian industrialists came to recognize the necessity of a social policy in the companies, earlier than their business competitors of other regions. Thus, during the Second Empire, when the market economy started its active evolution, and administrative centralization was reinforced by Napoleon III, they promoted a private social welfare system under the principle of non-profit. In this sense, Alsatian industrial paternalism had the function of correcting certain tendancies in the course of evolution of the market economy; it also represents the intention of the industrialists to take responsibility for the welfare of factory workers. Its peculiarity consists in the point that a reform movement departing from the naked force of market principles originated from the industrialist group of leading companies.
政治経済学・経済史学会の論文
1999-07-20

著者

齊藤佳史
専修大学

産業革命期フランス・アルザス地方におけるパテルナリスム

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