東ドイツにおけるコンビナート改革(1976-85年) : 工業組織改革の構想と問題点
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概要
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The main purpose of this paper is to show in how far the conception of the combine-reform in the GDR, which had been designed in the second half of the seventies, was realized in the eighties. Through this analysis it is hoped to make clear how the industrial organization was changed and what kind of problems had the reform. Special consideration will be given to the influence of the combine-reform by which industrial factories were organized. From the second half of the sixties until the early seventies combines controlled by the state and associations of state-owned enterprises which were called "Vereinigungen Volkseigener Betriebe" (=VVB) were established. The United Socialist Party of Germany (SED) and the government of the GDR wanted to create a new form of industrial organization in which factories were to be combined either depending on their technical context of successive production levels or depending on their products. The result was that a dual structure emerged in the production process and in the state management and planning system. Since the middle of the seventies, caused by the first oil crisis, a renewed wave of combine establishments occurred. The Central Committee of the SED decided upon a fundamental restructuring of industries by forming combines. The aim was to heighten the intervention power of the state against industries. At the same time the total dissolution of VVB's was carried out in order to remove the middle management which had become too bureaucratic. In 1979 the "combine-directive" was promulgated in order to fix the emerging centralized structure in the state management and planning system. This process of combine-building had been pursued in a rush thereby leaving some problems unresolved which had been specific for each branch. In order to improve the combine-reform at this point a restructuring of the combines was proposed by Gerd Friedrich and other economists in the second half of the eighties. But the SED and the central government tried to overcome the deepening economic crisis at the end of the seventies through a steadily increasing state control and guidance instead of restructuring.
- 政治経済学・経済史学会の論文
- 1996-07-20