複本位制の危機とラテン通貨同盟の結成 : 19世紀中葉のヨーロッパ大陸諸国における通貨問題
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概要
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Latin Monetary Union was an attempte of an international monetary uniformity put into practice by Latin countries from 1865 to 1926, during about 60 years. The aim of this paper is to explore the process in which the Latin Monetary Union had formed, putting emphasis on France, and also to consider the historical meanings of its formation and the characters of the union in the first period. In 1850's a great deal of silver flowed out of France and gold flowed into in exchange for the silver as the price of silver rised in comparison with that of gold. In consequence of the outflow of silver, a serious shortage of silver pieces (i.e. small moneys) occurred in France. And in the course of taking measure to this problem, some arguments which required the abolishment of bimetallism were urged. The cause of these arguments was that bimetallism which fixed the relative value of gold and silver caused the speculation of precious metals and the shortage of small moneys. That is, the problem was focused on the alternative of bimetallism or gold standard. But the proposal of the abolishment of bimetallism (i.e. the adoption of gold standard) could not get a majority. It was finally concluded in 1864 that small silver coins were demonetized and protected against the speculation. This decision of policy reflected the interests of the financial world. In other words, having two tasks (1) to extend their business into eastern Asia, (2) to ensure the reserve of Bank of France, they objected to the demonetization of silver coins. By the way, the shortage of small moneys occurred in other Latin countries, too. Then, France, Belgium, Switzerland and Italy which had adopted the common monetary system formed the Latin Monetary Union to solve this problem cooperatively. The union took over the policy which had already been adopted by France, that is, preserving bimetallism and demonetizing small silver coins. In other words, France did not accept gold standard required by the other three countries. Moreover French government expected that the union would develop into a larger one much more western countries took part in.
- 政治経済学・経済史学会の論文
- 1988-07-20
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関連論文
- 小島健著, 『欧州建設とベルギー-統合の社会経済史的研究-』, 日本経済評論社, 2007年, 358頁
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- 戦後フランスにおける鋼材取引の実態と鉄鋼カルテル再編構想
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- 19世紀中葉における国際通過統一構想の歴史的意義 : フランス政府の国際通過戦略と欧米諸国の対応
- ヨーロッパ石炭鉄鋼共同体のカルテル規制(1952-1954年) : フランス鉄鋼業の事例を中心に
- シューマン・プランとフランス鉄鋼業(1950-52年) : ヨーロッパ石炭鉄鋼共同体の創設
- 複本位制の危機とラテン通貨同盟の結成 : 19世紀中葉のヨーロッパ大陸諸国における通貨問題
- フランス第2次近代化設備計画とヨーロッパ石炭鉄鋼共同体(1954年-1956年) : 鉄鋼共同市場におけるフランス鉄鋼業
- 廣田功編, 『現代ヨーロッパの社会経済政策-その形成と展望-』, 日本経済評論社, 2006年3月, 338頁, 3,990円