『日本資本主義分析』の軌跡 : 「再生産論の具体化」と構造論=危機論
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概要
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The late Professor Moritar5 Yamada, ex-member of Japan Academy, was one of the most eminent economists in Japan. In his masterpiece entitled Analysis of Japanese Capitalism (1934), he analyzed the basic structure of pre-war Japanese Capitalism which was characterized by the liliputian scales of peasant farming under the domination of semi-feudal landownership and by the pre-modern capital-labour relations under the conjunctive domination of Zaibatsu-concerns organized in the patriarchal system and of military bureaucracy formed in the absolutistic type. He defined this basic structure of pre-war Japanese Capitalism as its "military semi-feudal structural system" in comparison with British, French, German Capitalisms and especially with the "military-feudal" structure of Russian Capitalism under the domination of Tsar. By this "Analysis", he offered the strongest theoretical basis to the pre-war Japanese Marxian economics. The work had embodied not only the brilliant analysis of the basic structure of pre-war Japanese Capitalism, but also the specific analytical method of capitalism in one country. This analytical method was called by the author "the concretization of the theory of reproduction" which meant a specific reapplication of Marx's theory of schemes of reproduction to the analysis of national specificity of capitalist development. As Marx showed in his analysis of the schemes of reproduction, the inner articulation of capital, landownership and wage-labour has been determined only through the reproduction-movement of capital in general (the aggregate social capital). Lenin, in his famous comments on Bucharin's Economics of the Period of Transition (1920), reformulated this inner articulation succinctly into the scheme of "I v + m=II c and the accumulation". The starting point of Yamada's analytical method consisted in this simplified scheme with enormous implications (note that the above "m" implies the rent of landownership). The national specificity of capitalist development in the cases of the so-called "central capitalism" has been determined through its specific historical conditions of primitive accumulation which begins with the bourgeois land-reform and ends with the industrial revolution. The industrial revolutions in the developed capitalist nations mean the summing-up of the specific historical conditions of their respective primitive accumulations and, in turn, the setting-up of the specific courses of their respective capitalist accumulations in which the specific reproduction-movement of the national articulation of capital, landownership and wage-labour goes on. In other words, the national specificity of capitalist development in each industrialized nation would be crystallized in its industrial revolution. Thus, Yamada concentrates his analysis on the determination of industrial revolution both in theory and in real history. By this analysis, he has determined the national specificity of pre-war Japanese Capitalism as one formed with "the military semi-feudal structural system". This specific analytical method of capitalism in one country has been shaped through Yamada's synthetical intervention in the pre-war Japanese controversies on Marx's thoery which were partly the echoes of international controversies. In his epoch-making works entitled "The contradiction of the theory of value and its solution (Aufheben)" (1925) and Introduction to the Schemes-Analysis of the Process of Reproduction (1931), he has defined his position to the controversies. In the former paper, he clarified Marx's method of logical restructuralization of historical development by stressing the methodological implications of the contradiction of value-theory later on familiar as the "transformation problem". In the latter work, he integrated Marx's theory of reproduction-schemes and of economic crisis into the theory of reproduction which was particularly reinterpreted by taking account of its relation to the theory of agricultural rent as economic manifestation of landownership. (This relation would be analyzed explicitly in the later paper entitled "The schemes of reproduction and the category of rent" (1935)). In conclusion, Yamada's steep path to Analysis of Japanese Capitalism has represented the specific reapplication of Marx's method of political economy to the analysis of capitalism in one country, especially in the stage of general crisis of the world capitalism.
- 政治経済学・経済史学会の論文
- 1982-01-20
著者
関連論文
- 『日本資本主義分析』の軌跡 : 「再生産論の具体化」と構造論=危機論
- 再生産論の適用について : 鍋島氏の書評に答える(論点をめぐって)
- 井村喜代子著, 『恐慌・産業循環の理論』, 1974・12・31, 有斐閣, 1973年, iii+370
- 常盤政治著, 『農業恐慌の研究』
- 価値理論と価格理論 : マルクス生産価格論といわゆる「転形問題」