昭和初期地主制下における庄内水稲単作地帯の農業構造とその変動

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This paper reveals the reorganization of the landlord system, especially with the decrease (1920-1930) and the increase (1930-1935) in number of the large-scale (more than 3 hectare paddy fields) farmings. We can point out about the agricultural structure in this district as followings. (1) There were three types of farmers : owner cultivators, part-owner cultivators, and tenant cultivators. (2) There were two types of owner cultivators. One was a group of landlords : while they owned the large- or medium-scale paddy fields and cultivated a portion of them, they leased out the other part of them. The other group was pseudo farmers, who owned sub-marginal scale of fields and cultivated them but could not maintain their living by them only. (3) The part-owner cultivators cultivated the largest scale paddy fields of all the farmers, and the tenant cultivators who had no fields of their own were the poorest. (4) The part-owner cultivators holding large-scale farming played the most important part in rice-producing. (5) On one hand, these large-scale cultivators hired some labourers supplied with the tenant cultivators, for the farming scale excessed the capacity of a family. On the other hand, most of the tenant cultivators couldn't make their living without earning at the large-scale cultivators'. (6) About half of the paddy fields were owned by the landlords and the other half by the part-owner cultivators. The landlords lent their most part of paddy fields not to the small-scale cultivators but to the large-scale ones. This means that they aimed to get stable farm rents. These show us that the power of the landlord system penetrated into the whole agricultural structure in this district. This structure began to decay at the end of the Taisho period. Both of the shortage of the labours and the increase in their wages, these happened outside of the landlord system, made it difficult for the large-scale cultivators to employ them. From this result it began to decrease the number of the large-scale cultivators. But in the Showa period, the continuous poor crops, the panic and the war threw all the farmers into the extreme distress and these increased the tenanted land. Recovering from this distress, the number of the large-scale cultivators increased. From these processes, we can see that the landlord system was apt to be affected by the change of outside.
政治経済学・経済史学会の論文
1976-10-20

著者

田崎宣義
一橋大学社会学部

昭和初期地主制下における庄内水稲単作地帯の農業構造とその変動

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