第1次大戦前,イギリス転炉鋼部門の景気循環過程における「生産の集積」と「独占の形成」 : 国際レール・シンジゲートの生成・解体・再建過程の検討
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How was Monopoly formed in the British steel industry? It is widely known that from the second half of the 19th century the modern British steel industry developed by the two processes of production, the Bessemer steel and the open-hearth steel. In the open-hearth industry monopoly was formed as a cartel called "Anglo-Scotch Steel Combine", and in the Bessemer industry as the International Steel Rail Syndicate. Of the formation of monopoly in the open-hearth industry, I wrote a paper entitled "British Shipbuilding Industry and the Open-Hearth Steel Industry at the Turn of the 19th Century-Business Cycles and the Formation of Monopoly-"The Hitotsubashi Ronso, vol. 67, nos. 3, 6; vol. 68, no. 4 This paper is to make clear how monopoly was formed in the Bessemer Industry. For this purpose, I dealt here with the following two points: (1) to examine how "the concentration of production" was achieved in the cyclical fluctuations of the Bessemer industry, and (2) to examine the formation (1883-86), dissolution (86-95), and reconstruction (96-1914) of the International Steel Rail Syndicate. These two issues were very closely related with one another, for monopoly does not mean merely "the concentration of production", nor merely "the transformation of market-performance" of the firms, but it consisted of both of these two elements. Summing up, the purpose of this article is to make clear the follwing points: how proceeded the basis of formation of the International Syndicate, "the concentration of production" (ch. I, §1); why and how the Syndicate was formed throgh the crisis of 1882 (ch. I, §2); what is the significance and limit of the Syndicae (ch. I, §§3,4) ; that the Syndicate was dissolved owing to this limit (ch. II, §1) ; how the resumed competition changed the structure of production in the Bessmer industry through the period of the "prosperity" (1886-90) and the "crisis and depression" (90-95) (ch. II, §§2,3); how the monopoly price was set by the Rail-Cartel (1896-1903) (ch. III, §1); how developed the integration-movement of the Cartel-members (ch. III, §2); that the cartel developed itself into the International Rail Syndicate through the crisis of 1900 (ch III, §3); what is the significance of the revived International Syndicate (ch.tIII, §4). After all, we made clear in the first two chapters that "the formation of monopoly" in the Bessemer industry followed the special process, namely, the formation, dissolution and revival of the monopoly, and in the last chapter that "the formation of monopoly" proceeded from the national Rail-Cartel to the International Rail Syndicate and this process was promoted by the integration-movement of the Syndicate-members. If we succeed in the above-mentioned examination, the reality of Lenin's thesis, "the birth of monoplies on the basis of the concentration of production" will be verified in the British Steel Industry.
- 政治経済学・経済史学会の論文
- 1973-04-20