『経済学批判要綱』における資本循環論の展開
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概要
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Marx's theory on the circuit of capital (Kreislauf des Kapitals) is given in Das Kapital, Vol. II, Part I. It is one of the theories which were lastly completed in Das Kapital, and supposed to have a significant meaning. In order to make clear its meaning, this paper attempts to study the evolution of this theory and its implications in Grundrisse der Kritik der politischen Okonomie. According to Grundrisse, the movement of circuit of capital starts directly from the production-reproduction process or the accumulation process, so the formula of the circuit of the money-capital (G………G formula) can't be found and the circuit of capital is exclusively represented by the formula of the circuit of the production-capital (P………P formula). The circuit of capital represented by P………P formula explains firstly the time and costs of circulation, and that the nature of capital is the 'surplus-capital', or the unity of the process of the production and circulation; and secondly that the capital is divided into two kinds, such as 'circulating capital' and 'fixed capital'; and lastly machinery may be recognized in terms of economic category. Now the P………P formula, in effect, is based on the assumption of the concept of 'the capital in general' (das Kapital in Allgemeinen) as 'one capital' (ein Kapital), or 'one capital' comes to confine the circuit of capital to. only one form (P………P formula). Therefore, the logic of the P………P formula and 'one capital' can give simply a formal description, if we would grasp the process of circulation as that of reproduction. Defining 'products' (commodity-capital) as the 'circulating capital', Marx tries to develop his theory from the view point of the circuit of commodity-capital. His logic, however, comes into conflict with the premise of 'one capital'. Thus, the concept of 'the capital in general' as 'one capital' must be modified. It is the most important in its modification to find out the formula of the circuit of the commodity-capital (W'………W' formula), which can't be recognized without the knowledge of the problem of 'the reproduction of the aggregate social capital' (die Reproduktion des gesellschaftlichen Gesamtkapital). Therefore, the evolution from Grundrisse into Das Kapital is completed through the struggle with the three different spheres of the problem, which may indeed be considered closely related each other; 'the capital in general', the circuit of capital, and 'the reproduction of the aggregate social capital'.
- 1969-10-02