Maslow理論はモチベーション論か : 経営学におけるMaslow理論の意義再考

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Maslow's theory discusses self-actualization and hierarchy of needs, and is applied in management even today, especially in motivation theory. However, the theory is considered in a superficial manner, and has never been analysed in sufficient detail. The reason for this lies in the statement, 'Maslow's theory is a motivation theory'. Is Maslow's theory a motivation theory? The present study discusses this problem and reconsiders the implications of Maslow's theory in management. This study concludes that Maslow's theory is not a motivation theory, because it is a discussion of issues concerned with the achievement of psychological health, whereas a motivation theory is concerned with influences upon the direction, intensity and persistence of actions. Maslow's concept of a self-actualizing man comprises the content theories of psychological health, and his Need Hierarchy Theory comprises the process theories of psychological health. Management can easily be considered as manipulating human beings, which aims only at inducing someone's activity and does not concern itself with human health. This is the reason why Maslow's theory is considered as a motivation theory to induce activity. However, there is a problem in manipulating human beings : there exists a possibility of impairing human health. Management must surmount this problem. The meaning of Maslow's theory in management lies here. Maslow's theory treats human health, while management can easily be considered as manipulating human beings. Moreover, because Maslow's human model agrees with that of Barnard in an important point, Maslow's theory can be applied not only to psychology but also to management. Going beyond the superficial treatment that Maslow's theory is currently receiving, it should be fully employed in management.
2008-10-10

著者

山下剛
高松大学経営学部

Maslow理論はモチベーション論か : 経営学におけるMaslow理論の意義再考

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