HRMと人的資源概念の変容 : その<組織目的と個人目的の統合>に対する含意
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概要
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HRM is a theory that draws from the theme of "Integration of Organizational and Individual Goals." However, progressing from HRM to SHRM has been criticized as it ignores the employee's goal. Since the core concept of HRM is human resources, this article researches why the "integration of organizational and individual goals" has been lost in HRM by examining the concept of "human resources" and tracing its transformation. Thus, this article examines the concept of human resources according to Drucker, Miles (1965), and the SHRM, respectively; selected on the basis of a research on the history of HRM by Marciano (1995). Drucker was the first to embrace the concept of human resources. He sees it as the resource of a person with respect to his/her capacities of coordination, integration, etc. and as the personality of a person with the problem of manipulation, which is unique to the human race. According to Marciano (1995), the work of Miles (1965) attracted serious attention from academics as well as managers, thus proving his view that HRM is representative. It perceives humans as "reservoirs of untapped resources," and discusses the "integration of organizational and individual goals" as improving organizational performance and achieving of employee satisfaction as a by-product using human resource models. However, these models are based on behavioral science against the background of the S-O-R scheme, which was termed as manipulating psychology by Bertalanffy (1967), and do not recognize the problems resulting from human manipulation, thus moving away from the realization of "integration of organizational and individual goals." SHRM is theoretically based on the RBV of strategic theory. It sees humans as entity that can be classified based on value, rarity, inimitability, etc. This view has led to the "integration of organizational and individual goals" being practically lost because of this lack of distinction between humans and objects, and the attention paid to the problem of human manipulation. This is the current state of the concept of human resources. With respect to the above-mentioned, Drucker's concept of human resources is the most profound concept from the point of view of the "integration of organizational and individual goals," and is therefore worth rethinking.
- 2007-10-20