観念構成的比喩について(<特集>言語の個別性と普遍性)

概要

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This paper examines ideational metaphors and their use within a framework of systemic functional grammar developed by M.A.K. Halliday and other systemic grammarians. Ideational metaphors are defined as "realizations where one semantic category is realized as if it were another type of semantic category" (Matthiessen 1995: 31). An example of this realization is The 20^<th> century saw various global and regional wars, using mental process, when an alternative, nonmetaphoric expression is possible : Various global and regional wars took place in the 20^<th> century, using material process. Ideational metaphors are considered to be one of the characteristics of written, formal, technical, and adult discourse, whereas, nonmetaphoric expressions are characteristic of spoken, informal, and child discourse. This paper explores the nature, functions, and effects of ideational metaphors in some texts, including literary and newspaper texts, contrasting them with those of nonmetaphoric expressions. Finally, the contribution the study of ideational metaphors can make to English language teaching will be touched on briefly.