Afghanistan's Early Democratization Process, 1946-73 : Analysis of the Factors Involved in its Emergence and Failure(<Special Issue I>Role of Electoral System in Non-Democratic Regimes)
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概要
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This paper contains a re-examination of Afghanistan's early top-down process of democratization, started in 1946 and ended in 1973. The general goal of the paper is to provide useful lessons from the past failure of democratic practices that could help Afghans with today's democratic experiment in their country. Unlike the previous works which mainly dealt with the failure of the process with much more journalistically views on the matter. The central aim of this paper is to present a more theoretical based analysis of the process and has tried to give more convincing answer to the both questions that, why there was a process of democratization and why such process failed to bring about a consolidated democracy in the country? In order to identify which factors caused the early process of democratization to begin, two factors, economic development and the factor of political elite's power rivalries, as two prominent preconditions inducing democratization, has been tested. However, the main argument revolves around the factor of power rivalries between royal elites, which resulted in regime disunity and ultimately caused democratic opening of the political system. The paper concludes that the main reason for the failure of early democratization process to produce a consolidated democracy in the country was an interplay between severe ideological (extreme Left and Right) rivalries and continuation of royal elite's personal power rivalries.
- 日本中東学会の論文
- 2008-09-25