「スルタン」の復活? : フィリピン・マラナオ社会における伝統的称号の活用

概要

論文の詳細を見る
Muslim population in the Philippines is composed by several ethnolingusitic groups such as Magindanaos, Tausugs and Maranaos, and had no unified ruler or language which binds all the inhabitants. For Magindanao and Tausug societies, there were rulers called sultan who maintained political and religious authority of each society by monopolizing sea trade. Among the Maranaos, however, there was no single sultan who controlled the whole area. Today, as clan politics divide the area further, the Maranao society sees more sultans claimed by communities of all sizes. Claims for legitimate sultan-ship seem to accelerate process of inventing tradition among the Maranaos. This paper focuses on three Maranao sultans whose areas of control vary in size to analyze how each sultan recognizes his status and governance. For the first two of the three sultans, claims for sultan-ship are to offer them a broader access to the national polity. The last sultan case shows that sultan rule can also be conceived as a supportive element for village administration such as settlement of problems among the villagers. Although the three sultans recognize legitimacy and means of rightful reign differently, they all suggest that claims for sultan-ship are their attempts to relocate their tradition so as to accommodate it to the Marano society today.