Experimental Study of Three-Compartmentalized Granular Follower(Electromagnetism, optics, acoustics, heat transfer, classical mechanics, and fluid mechanics)

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This study presents experimental evidence for an extended granular clock, called the "granular follower", in a vertically vibrated three-compartmentalized system with a bi-disperse granular mixture. In every skip of the mixture, small spheres first move to one of the empty compartments, and large spheres then follow the small spheres to the same zone. We present the phase diagram of the container width and large-sphere number, which exhibits three different regions, namely, one-clustering, granular follower, and two-clustering states. The mechanisms of the three states are explained by an expellertrapper model, in that there are two minimum number densities: first for small spheres to cluster in one of the two empty compartments and second for large spheres to effectively expel small spheres. Furthermore, in this study, we also observe a granular follower in a three-compartmentalized system with tri-disperse spheres, revealing that the granular follower is not only an extension of the granular clock but also the most general case of granular oscillation.
社団法人日本物理学会の論文
2008-08-15