知的障害者の認知課題における方略使用

概要

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The present paper reviews major, recently conducted research on strategy use in individuals with mental retardation. In research on memory strategy, it is increasingly apparent that little-studied factors such as task environment and motivation may be related to strategy use by individuals with mental retardation. In recall tasks that allow for external hints, there is not only evidence that children with mental retardation have the same level of strategy use as children of corresponding mental age but without mental retardation, but also that, with minimum prompting, children with mental retardation use the same strategies as children without mental retardation who are of similar chronological age. Arithmetic strategy research has shown that for counting or simple addition tasks, children with mental retardation respond in the same way as children without mental retardation, that is, by distinguishing between multiple strategies in accordance to task difficulty levels. With more task-solving experience, children with mental retardation are also able to discover more effective strategies spontaneously. Although more information needs to be gathered from research on problem-solving strategies, more and more is being learned about causes of difficulty and ways to support strategy use.
2006-03-31