内戦期ロシア難民とフランス 一九一八-一九二九年 : 難民援助のための国際的枠組みの構築

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概要

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• During the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, when international organizations were in their initial stages of development, European nation-states had not yet devised an international system to deal with refugees. However, when the Russian Revolution of 1917 gave rise to massive emigration in unprecedented amounts and caused Europe's first international refugee crisis in its history, some states, notably France, endeavored in collaboration with the High Commissioners for Refugees (HCR), to construct an international framework to deal with the problem. This article attempts to clarify the way in which an international framework was created, by looking at the relationship between France and the HCR, and to reveal its character, by examining the historical context in which the collaboration occurred. The main geographical focuses on Istanbul (Constantinople), the city inundated with the largest number of Russian refugees at the time; and the analysis is based upon such primary sources as the journal of the International Committee of the Red Cross, reports of the League of Nations and documents from the French Ministry of Foreign Affairs. In the effort to solve Istanbul problem, both the HCR and France had their own agendas. The HCR, maintaining political neutrality, placed refugees in safety and ensured their legal status, while trying to persuade the rest of Europe to solve the problem within its nation-state system. However, it lacked the practical authority to achieve this aim. Meanwhile, France, having intervened in the Russian civil war against the Bolsheviks, took measures to protect the Russian refugees in Istanbul, but due to its complicated relations with the White Army, the French government encountered difficulty in arranging for the refugee resettlement. Faced with this political obstacle, France seized upon the founding of the HCR and its political neutrality as an opportunity to alter its commitment to the refugee problem. The relationship established between HCR and France continued through the 1920s, making it possible to maintain and reinforce the international framework for refugees.

• 財団法人史学会の論文
• 2008-01-20

著者

• 舘 葉月

  東京大学大学院人文社会系研究科

関連論文

• 福井憲彦著, 『ヨーロッパ近代の社会史-工業化と国民形成-』, 岩波書店, 二〇〇五・七刊, 四六, 三〇〇頁, 二八〇〇円
• 書評 渡辺和行『エトランジェのフランス史--国民・移民・外国人』
• 内戦期ロシア難民とフランス 一九一八-一九二九年 : 難民援助のための国際的枠組みの構築
• 第一次大戦後のフランス抑留ドイツ人捕虜帰還問題に見る政治と人道 : 連合国の帰還政策と赤十字国際委員会(研究発表,西洋史部会,第一〇八回史学会大会報告)

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