17 蛙毒の研究

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The batrachotoxins [see J. Am. Chem. Soc., 91, 3931 (1969)] are isolated not only from the Colombian arrow poison frog, Phyllobates aurotaenia, the kokoi of the Indians of the Choco Jungle of Western Colombia, but also from other Phyllobates species, such as P. vittatus and, presumably, P. lugubris. Roentgen-ray crystallo-graphic analysis by the symbolic addition procedure, J. and I. Karle, has not only furnished the stereo-structure of batrachotoxinin A O-p-bromobenzoate, but also the absolute configuration [Acta Crystallographica, B26, 440 (1970)]. The synthesis of 3-O-methyl-11,20-diacetyltetrahydrobatrachotoxinin A has been accomplished by H. Wehrli and W. Graf in the laboratory of O. Jeger, ETH, Zurich. A novel radioisotopic method for measuring the formation of cyclic AMP in brain slices [J. of Neurochemistry, 16, 1609 (1969)], has now shown batrachotoxin to be the most powerful stimulator known for the membrane-bound adenyl cyclase of brain [Proc. Nat. Acad. of Sciences, 65, 1033 (1970)], an effect which is potentiated by endogenous amines, such as norepinephrine and histamine. Species of the genus Dendrobates, such as pumilio and auratus from Panama, granuliferus from Costa Rica, leucomelus from Venezuela, minutus from Colombia, all contain Pumiliotoxin B, C_<19>H_<33>NO_3, LD_<50> 1.5mg/kg mouse in addition to other congeners, such as pumiliotoxin A, C, novel naturally occurring cis-decahydroquinoline derivative, as well as still unknown alkaloids. The Colombian frogs, Dendrobates histrionicus and truncatus contain novel C_<19>-bases, among them a ketone, while the active principles of D. parvulus from Ecuador represent still another group of amphibious venoms.
1970-10-01

17 蛙毒の研究

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