フィリピンにおける鉛作業者健康診断の結果

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The medical examination of workers exposed to lead was conducted as part of the activity of the Occupational Safety and Health Center (OSHC) Project in the Philippines (JICA Project). The subjects of the medical examination were 21 male and 193 female workers of a semiconductor plant (abbreviated A company), 59 male and 6 female workers of a refrigerator manufacture (B company); 199 male workers of a storage battery manufacturer (C company); and 107 male and 6 female workers of a lead smelter (D company). Among the examination items were questions regarding occupational history, subjective complaints and objective signs, determination of blood lead levels, urine deltaaminolevulinic acid levels, and examination for anemia. The survey was conducted from June to September in 1990. The following results were obtained: 1) The mean age of the workers ranged from 21.8 to 33.8 years. Those of companies A and B were younger than those of companies C and D. The mean employment duration of males at C company was 10.7yr, and the longest among the four companies. That in both sexes for A company was 1.8yr and the shortest among the above mentioned companies. 2) The blood lead geometric mean levels of compamies C and D showed the highest concentration. The level in males of C company was 64.5μg/dl and that of D company was 80.8μg/dl. The level in females of A company was 9.9μg/dl and the lowest in concentration. The urine deltaaminolevulinic acid geometric mean levels were less than 6.0mg/l in the four companies. There was no company having hemoglobin mean values less than 14.0g/dl in males or less than 12.0g/dl in females. 3) The proportion of blood lead levels of 60μg/dl or more was 67.3% in males of C company, and 89.7% in males and 16.7% in females of D company. The proportion of urine deltaaminolevulinic acid levels of 6mg/l or more was 1.0% in females of A company, 20.1% in males of C company, and 43.0% in males of D company. The proportion of hemoglobin values less than 14.0g/dl in males or less than 12.0g/dl in females was 4.7% in females of A company, 1.7% in males of B company, 3.5% in males of C company, and 12.1% in males of D company. 4) The symptoms having a prevalence of more than 10% in males were easy fatigability and malaise for A company; irritability, joint pains, muscle pains and paraesthesia for B company; all items for C company; and easy fatigability, malaise, irritability, sleep disorder, joint pains, muscle pains, abdominal discomfort and paraesthesia for D company. Those in females were easy fatigability, malaise, irritability, sleep disorder, joint pains, and muscle pains for A company. 5) A relationship between the prevalence of symptoms and blood lead levels was observed. In males. there were significant group differences in the symptoms of easy fatigability, malaise, irritability, sleep disturbance, joint pains, muscle pains, abdominal colic, abdominal discomfort, constipation/diarrhea and paralysis/paresis of the extensor muscles (p<0.05 or p<0.01). With some exceptions, a trend of increasing prevalence with increasing blood lead level was observed. There were no significant differences in females. 6) In males having a blood lead level less than 40μg/dl, there were significantly positive correlations between age and duration of employment and between blood lead level and duration of employment (p<0.001); and in females, there were significantly positive correlations between age and duration of employment and between blood lead level and hemoglobin values (p<0.05). In males having a blood lead level more than 40μg/dl, there were significantly positive correlations between age and duration of employment and between blood lead level and urine deltaaminolevulinic acid level (p<0.001); and there were significantly negative correlations between blood lead level and hemoglobin values, between deltaaminolevulinic acid level and hemoglobin values and between blood lead level and duration of employment (p<0.01).
社団法人日本産業衛生学会の論文
1994-03-20

フィリピンにおける鉛作業者健康診断の結果

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