ルガンヴィル : アメリカ軍の建設したメラネシアのキャンプ都市
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概要
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The purpose of this paper is to elucidate the historical process of Luganville, a town in northern Vanuatu, a country in Melanesia. Vanuatu was known as the New Hebrides before it gained independence in 1980, and its capital has been Port Vila both in colonial days and now. Port Vila, located in central Vanuatu, first developed as a colonial town, just as many other urban sites in Oceania. On the other hand, Luganville, which is far away from the capital, has developed quite differently. It originated as a "camp city" constructed by American forces during World War II. When World War II broke out, American forces began to build a base for the Allied forces on the southeastern end of Espiritu Santo Island. That island is situated in the northern part of Vanuatu, and lies nearer than Port Vila to the Solomon Islands, where Japanese forces made their front-line base. The Luganville base, which consisted of many camps, was called a "city" because of its scale as well as its full urban functions. In fact, it had a temporary population of around 100,000, and was well supplied with roads, electrical systems, a water supply, a telephone system and other forms of infrastructure. Since the total population of New Hebrides in those days was under 50,000, one can grasp the hugeness of the camp city. After World War II, all the troops withdrew from the base, resulting in the extinction of the city of 100,000 people. Luganville became quite empty and rapidly became a ghost town. However, after the withdrawal of the troops, a trading company that owned plots of land in the center of the base began to sell them to local residents. Since the urban infrastructure remained, it was not difficult for Luganville to revive its function as a town. First of all, European residents began to inhabit there, and later, the Melanesians did so also. Luganville gradually became a Melanesian town bustling with local life. Although Luganville's population stands at just 11,000 now, it is municipalized and plays an important role as an urban center in Vanuatu along with Port Vila. In this paper, I examine the historical changes of Luganville from the end of 1800s, when people started living there, through the camp city era, and down to the 1970s, when it became a local Melanesian town.
- 2008-03-31
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関連論文
- ルガンヴィル : アメリカ軍の建設したメラネシアのキャンプ都市
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