日本における価値と生産価格・市場価格の実証的関連 (下) (熊谷次郎教授退任記念号)
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In this paper, the empirical relationship among values, production prices, and market prices in Japan are analyzed. The main results of this paper are as follows.(1)Production prices and market prices contain an element which is proportional to labor values as inner component part. The elements proportional to labor values account for 3/4 of production prices and 4/5 of market prices on average in Japan(Fig.6 and Fig.7). Therefoe, most part of prices consists of an element proportional to labor values. In addition, this ratio is not dependent on the method to normalize values and prices, or the measurement unit of products.(2)The labor theory of value has considerable power to explain production prices and market prices(Table 6 and Table 7). And this fact is closely related to the first point above. The coefficient of variation of production price / value ratios necessarily becomes smaller than that of integrated capital-labor ratios which regulate the former ratios, and the rate of this reduction approximately equals one minus the average ratio of value proportional elements to production prices(Eq. 56). Since the elements proportional to labor values account for 3/4〜4/5 of prices on average in Japan, the coefficient of variation of price/value ratios is reduced to 1/5〜1/4 of that of integrated capital labor ratios.(3)The power of labor theory of value to explain market prices is not necessarily inferior as compared with the cost of production theory(Table 7 and Fig.8〜10). It is often claimed that unlike the cost of production theory which can explain relative prices, the labor theory of value can not explain them. But such an allegation cannot necessarily be justified empirically. (4)The power of labor theory of value to explain relative prices is far more powerful than that of the x theory of value" which explains relative prices by the direct and indirect requirement of input x such as corn or steel rather than labor. As seen in Fig. 11 and Fig.12, although the explanatory power of the x theory of value" is inferior to that of the labor theory, it seems to have a certain amount of explanatory power at a glance. However, in fact, most of the explanatory power of the x theory of value" results from the elements proportional to labor values which occupy the great portion of x values". When these labor proportional elements are ripped off, the x theory of value" has almost no power to explain relative prices(Fig.13 and Fig.14).
- 桃山学院大学の論文
- 2008-03-10
著者
関連論文
- 津田直則・山本紀徳・鈴木幾多郎・竹浪祥一郎著, 『計画と市場』-社会主義経済の新展開-, 勁草書房, 1981年, vi+299ページ, 4400円
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