国際エネルギーレジーム : エネルギー・地球環境問題と知識(<総説特集>「エネルギー学」部会は何を目指すのか?)
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概要
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Although energy and climate change issues are very broad ranged ones embracing great uncertainty, there have been a main stream view or majority's view at any given time on these issues on which energy policies have been formulated. In 1950's and 60's oil was seen as an abundant and cheap energy resource and around alter the first oil crisis in 1973, scarcity has been stressed even if the reserve-production ratio has remained fairly stable after the crisis. Also in 1950's and 60's, nuclear power plants were introduced with rosy prospect and around after Three Mile Island and Chernobyl nuclear power plant accidents, risk and high cost of nuclear power plant have been stressed. After the second world war until around 1970's, global cooling theory was the majority's view among climate scientists but around after 1980's it changed to global warming theory emphasizing the effects of increasing anthropogenic greenhouse gas especially CO_2 emission in spite claims of scientists having different views. Energy policies have been formulated based on these majority views and changed these changing main stream view on energy and environment. Who and how they have formed these main stream views and how they have been permeated to the world? And why decision makers formulated energy policies on these views? To answer these questions, theory of "International Regime", which was introduced and developed mainly in the US after 1970's reflecting the growing independence of states and growing involvement of non-state player in the international politics, seems to be best applied. Representing definition of the "International Regime" was given by Stephan Krasner as "sets of implicit or explicit principles, norms, rules, and decision-making procedures around which actors' expectations converge in a given area of international relations". One school of this theory stresses the role of knowledge and the existence of "Epistemic Community", which is defined by Peter Haas as "a network of professionals with recognized expertise and competence in a particular and an authoritative claim to policy-relevant knowledge within that domain or issue-area". Applying this theory, this paper will show why international regime were formed in energy and climate change issues and the importance of knowledge in the process of regime formation and its impact on the regime-receiving countries.
- 一般社団法人日本エネルギー学会の論文
- 2008-02-20