動詞のアスペクトの方言分布に関する一考察 : 補助動詞「オル」,「テイル」の分布を例に
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概要
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This study analyzes the results obtained from a nationwide survey in Japan on the usage of verbal aspects. Particular attention is paid to the use of some of the so-called "supplementary verbs", such as -teiru and -oru. In the dialect of Nagasaki, for instance, -toru (a variant of -teiru) is used to desigante the progressive aspect, and -yoru (a variant of -oru) is used for the perfective aspect. A toru-from cannot replace a yoru, so the former cannot be used to express the meaning of the latter. In the dialect of Kobe, however, the toru-form can also be used for the progressive aspect. And, in the dialects of Tokyo and Kyoto, there is no -oru at all. The following conclusions have been reached: (1) In all the dialects where the progressive and the perfective expressions are identical, it is the form for perfective. (2) In all dialects where either -teiru or -oru can replace the other, it is this perfective form that can be used for the progressive form, and never vice-versa. If we are to adopt one of Bartoli's principles of dialect geography that older forms are generally preserved in more isolated areas, it is possible to interpret the geographical distribution as showing (i) that the areas which make clear distinction between both expressions and admit no interchange preserve the oldest stage, (ii) that the areas in which -teiru can be used for -oru the next stage, and (iii) that the areas where both aspects are expressed by -teiru the most advanced one. It is hoped that this study will also make some contribution to the development of dialectal geography and the study of aspects in general.