現代廃棄物紛争と法的諸問題(1) : 廃棄物紛争、今、なにが問題か
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概要
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Wastes disposal is one of the most troublesome issues requiring immediate resolution. The basic policy under the Law of Wastes Disposal and Cleaning is "proper disposal" which means disposing wastes without causing any impediment to environmental conservation. This "proper disposal" policy does not mandate such an environmentally most desirable socio-economic system as to attempt less production and distribution of unnecessary commodities. Given that mass production and distribution system is untouched under the free market principle, the avenue of wastes disposal policy is limited to one of the following three alternatives ; the above proper disposal, recycle and reducing the amount of wastes. Although the first option is most undesirable in light of environmental conservation, it is still major meajures for wastes issues and extensively practiced as much as possible. This explains why so many wastes disputes are brought about especially at the remote place of low population density well often in mountains. Such depopulated and secluded areas are easy to construct wastes disposal facilities with less protest by local residents. As a result, the facilites are likely to concentrate on specific areas beyond their environmental capacities. This situation is also aggravated by a concentration policy which collects a wide range of massive wastes produced by other areas and then dumps at a specific small area. The problem is that such targeted areas are often sources of waters in case of final disposal by means of burying wastes. Also incineration disposal is likely to produce toxic substances such as dioxins. This is why dioxin panic turmoil took place where the incineration facilities were constructed. Also it need to be emphasized that wastes disposal facilities are by no means safe and wastes disposal itself is likely to be conducted at less costs to make much more profits under the free market principle. This makes unevitable for environmental contamination and dispute to happen at any time and place. This article examines judicial precedents on wastes dispute issues. First the issues are generally overviewed with emphasis on wastes disposal policy under the Law of Wastes Disposal and Cleaning. At the same time the patterns of wastes disputes are analyzed by probing the genuine reasons why wastes disputes are so many caused. Then it proceeds from the general issues to particular precedents as follows: preliminary injunction cases, administrative litigation cases, civil damage, permanent injunction and other cases, damage claim against the governments cases, taxpayers litigation cases, and other varieties of cases including information disclosure cases. Finally, if possible, it will suggest wastes disposal policy to be after the analysis of those judicial precedents.
- 関西学院大学の論文
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