『論語』「子罕」人名考(下)(<特集>しまね学の形成に向けて)
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概要
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Concerning the interpretation of "子罕言利與命與仁(Lun yu, chap. 9), " the usual interpretation of this sentence has been that "there are three words which Confucius (孔子) rarely referred to. They are li (利), ming (命), and ren (仁)."However, this understanding is obviously inconsistent with the basic views of Confucius himself. As a result, this statement has been much discussed and it is still unclear how we should interpret it. Confucius does not refer to "li" much in the Lun yu, whereas he often mentions "ming, " and many of his recorded sayings refer to "ren." Since "ren" is the most essential concept of Confucius's theory, Confucianism could even be described as "the study of ren" rather than "the study of li (禮)."This paper presents a new interpretation of this sentence. In contrast to the conventional one, it argues that the words "Zi han (子罕)" should be interpreted as a person's name, not as "Confucius rarely." If this interpretation is true, this statement has nothing to do with Confucius. Instead, it means "the person called Zi han talked about li, ming and ren." This does not contradict the basic theory of Confucius. In this paper, the following methods are employed to study the Chinese classics (考証学). First, conventional interpretations are scrutinized to show that they are inconsistent with the basic views of Confucius. After that, by analyzing both the chapter titles in the Lun yu, and the customary ways of naming people in the Spring and Autumn period (春秋時代), the possibility that Zi han is the name of a person is demonstrated. In addition, three people named Zi han who were in the same generation as Confucius are cited, and the possibility that one of them might have had a relationship with Confucius is explored. Also, the reliability of the "Kongzi jiayu (孔子家語), " in which one of the Zi han appears, is examined. Finally, by examining how and in what context each chapter of the Lun yu was constructed, the nature of chapter 9 (子罕篇) is clarified, and the reason why the conventional interpretation has been accepted without doubt is examined. The conclusion is that, although there is still room to discuss whether Zi han was a disciple of Confucius, it is almost certain that in the controversial passage "Zi han" refers to the name of a person.
- 島根県立大学の論文
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