全米科学財団の非軍事的性格と米国科学者連盟 : 米合衆国における科学研究支援体制をめぐる論争:1945-1950年

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The National Science Foundation (NSF) was established in 1950 after a long debate between Harley M. Kilgore and Vannevar Bush. There is no military research division at the present NSF, but at the time both Bush and Kilgore intended to include it into the NSF. The author maintains that scientists' movement by the Federation of American Scientists (FAS) was the most important factor that the military research division was deleted from the NSF. The FAS insisted that the military should not control the Atomic Energy Commission. The FAS also thought that the military should not control scientific research activities in general. The FAS emphasized that scientific knowledge should be used for peace purposes, and considered the NSF as an alternative of military patronage. The military tried to build scientific research systems in close cooperation with Bush. The FAS criticized strongly both the military and Bush. This idea of the FAS was supported by many scientists. The NSF Bill that met requirements of the military and Bush passed the Congress, but President Truman vetoed it. In the process of amendment of the Bill, the military and Bush reluctantly accepted FAS's requirement to delete military research division from the NSF.
2003-09-25