手指運動のタイミングと力の制御における独立性と相互作用

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Movement timing and muscle force are two main parameters in motor coordination that differentiate people across a variety of movements. These parameters have been studied separately in the field of human motor control. In the last two decades, however, some studies have been reported on motor timing and its relation to control of force. The present review thus presents independence and interaction of the control of timing and force in both stimulus-initiated and self-paced movements. In a motor task of simple reaction time as a stimulus-initiated movement, although several studies revealed that experimental factors such as signal intensity, signal duration, and foreperiod duration influenced response force as well as reaction time, these studies indicated that the factors affected response force and reaction time differentially. During a self-paced task of periodic finger tapping sequences, the accuracy of controlling muscle force was not correlated with the precision of timing control. In addition, whereas variations in intertap interval were quite accurately controlled across conditions, those in peak force were not. Thus, because force control is largely independent of timing, timing and force may be controlled by different parts of the brain. To the contrary, some studies reported different interdependencies between the two parameters. During a task of tapping sequences with a stress tap, some reports found a lengthening of the intertap interval before and after a stress tap. Positive correlations between intertap interval and peak force were only observed for high tapping frequencies. As an example of dexterous voluntary movements, on the other hand, highly skilled pianists are known to be able to independently control keystroke timing and force in piano playing. Neural circuits underlying the independence and interaction of timing and force control were finally discussed.
日本体力医学会の論文
2007-08-01

手指運動のタイミングと力の制御における独立性と相互作用

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