Origin of Giant Electromechanical Coupling Factor of k_<31> Mode and Piezoelectric d_<31> Constant in Pb[(Zn_<1/3>Nb_<2/3>)_<0.91>Ti_<0.09>] O_3 Single Crystal

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The origin of the giant electromechanical coupling factor of the k_<31> mode and piezoelectric d_<31> constant in Pb[(Zn_<1/3>Nb_<2/3>)_<0.91>Ti_<0.0>]O_3 single crystals was clarified to investigate the poling field dependences of their ferroelectric properties and domain structures. While the highest k_<31> of over 90% and d_<33> of nearly 2500 pC/N were obtained at the poling field of F・1000 V/mm, the giant k31 of over 80% and -d_<31> of nearly l700pC/N were obtained at 1000kV/mm ≦ E < 1500kV/mm. Moreover, the frequency constant of k_<31> mode (d_<31>) showed the lowest value of nearly 500 Hzm in the same F range. The as-grown single crystal with multidomains, which were observed under polarized light, changed to reveal several domains oriented in the direction of the poling field. With increasing E to 1000 V/mm, the domains oriented in the direction of the poling field changed into a monodomain oriented in the direction perpendicular to the poling field as well as in the direction parallel to the poling field. The monodomain crystal controlled by the specific poling fields of 1000 V/mm ≦ E < 1500 V/mm showed the giant k_<31> and the d_<31> constant. With extended application of F over 1500 V/mm, k_<31> and d_<31> decreased abruptly because the inonodomain changed into a number of domains in the crystal.
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2002-11-30