ウナギの磁気感覚と磁気コンパス定位に関する研究
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概要
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The spawning area of Japanese eels {Anguillajaponica) has been found to be west of the Marianas, close to the North Equatorial Current. After 5 to 8 years growing at sea off eastern and northeastern Asia, adult eels migrate thousands of kilometers to their spawning area. This study was carried out to obtain evidence for the hypothesis that Japanese eels are sensitive to magnetic fields and that they can use the geomagnetic field as a cue for long distance migration to the spawning area. Magnetosensitivity of the Japanese eel was determined by conditioning and electrocardiography. Marine eels, river eels, farmed eels and glass eels showed typical conditioned cardiac responses to the artificial magnetic fields, indicating that these Japanese eels may also be highly magnetosensitive and probably acquire geomagnetic information early in life. Japanese eels made anosmic by injection of boiling petroleum jelly into their nares lost the magnetosensitivity, suggesting that they have a magnetosensitive organ in or around the nares. Yellow eels conditioned to choose a north shelter in an indoor testing tank placed under geomagnetic field. The conditioned eels were shifted their preference to north-east shelter or showed shelter choice in random directions when the geomagnetic field was shifted easterly by the application of an artificial magnetic field. Glass eels released in atesting tank preferred to escape in the north-east direction under the geomagnetic field, and showed random orientation when the direction of the geomagnetic field was artificially shifted. These results indicate that the Japanese eel is able to orient itself by means of geomagnetic cues. From these results, it can be hypothesized that silver-phase adult eels find their way back to their oceanic spawning ground byreversing the geomagnetic direction that had been detected and ' memorized' during their glass eel phase, when migrating from the open ocean towards the continental shelf and coastal waters.
- 鹿児島大学の論文
- 2006-12-25
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