インドネシア・西スマトラ村落における通過儀礼の一側面 : 婚姻・産育儀礼における性別構造を中心に
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Minangkabau culture has been of special interest to scholars because of its contradictory combination of traditions: patrilineally-oriented Islam and matrilinally-oriented Adat. This paper attempts to describe the first half of life-cycle rituals based on these two cultural contexts. It will also point out the existence of both gender structures in these rituals, along with an initiatory phase that concludes with a marriage ceremony in the village. The pre-field research that focused on the life-cycle rituals of the Minangkabau was conducted in a village in western Sumatra in July,1998. This researcher got some first-hand information on indigenous marrige rituals and on the Khotam al-Qur'an ceremony for children through observing these rituals. Marriage ceremonies consist mainly of seriese of Adat style seremonies held in the Adat house and one distinct Islamic ceremony held in the village mosque. We can find religious syncretism in marriage rituals in this village. Another finding is that the gender segregatory system in marriage ceremonies is found in both Adat and Islamic ceremonies. A third finding is that the Sumbah Kato ceremony plays an important role in male initiation by giving new marriage name to the groom in the Adat marriage ceremony. This finding seemes to suggest that the transition from child to adult could not be achieved in one action but is gradually accomplished in a serise of rites of passage. The Khotam al-Qur'an is a kind of Islamic festival in which the villagers celebrate the children who finish their basic sutdy of the Koran. This festival could be situated within a serise of rites of passage for children in Islamic Society.
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