順流と逆流, 詩と辞^^<(1)>, 文節と文節先駆詞 : 日本人のための英文法試論^^<(2)>
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概要
- 論文の詳細を見る
I . The difference of word-order between a learner's mother tongue and his target foreign language will be a continual heavy hindrance in the process of his learning. That is because the word-order is so to speak a logic of thinking, feeling and willing, so a different word-order means a different style of mental activity. When two languages express the same notion in the same word-order, they are, we should say, in the Flowing-Relation with each other. When they, on the contrary, express the same notion in the opposite word-order, there is the Retort-Relation between them. Any language has its own peculiarity and complexity in the rules of word-order, but few of the rules are absolutely immovable. If some immovable rules of word-order in one language are in the Retort-Relation with those in anoter language, the rules would be a base on which a grammar for the foreign language learning is built up. II . An English grammar for the Japanese takes up as its base in that sense the word-order of Shi (Concept-Word) and Ji (Form-Word or Relation-Particle). In the Japanese language, Shi is always followed by Ji (e.g.gakko e (school-to)), and a Sentence-Portion consisting of a Shi and a Ji always modifies the following Sentence-Portion, and so the verb Sentence-Portion, namely Main Sentence-Portion, modified by all the other Side Sentence-Portions preceding it, always comes at the tail of the sestence. In the English language, on the contrary, the counterpart of Shi always follows that of Ji (e.g.to school), and a Sentence-Portion modifies the preceding Sentence-Portion, and so the subject-verb Sentence-Portion, namely Main Sentence-Portion, modified by all the other Side Sentence-Portions following it, always comes at the head of the sentence. Thus the Retort-Relation in the word-order of only two words, Shi and Ji, seems to have caused the Retort-Relations in other parts of the whole sentence.III. A Japanese sentence consists of Sentence-Portions each of which consists of a Shi and a Ji. Ji's are a limited number of special particles, easily discernible in the sentence and clearly indicating the end of each Sentence-Portion. The counterpart of a Sentence-Portion in an English sentence is not so discernible, but fortunately English has also a small number of special particles -such as prepositions, articles, indefinite pronouns or adjectives, demonstrative pronouns or adjectives, subordinate conjunctions, relatives, etc. -which very often work as the Herald of each Sentence-Portion. IV. A system of the English grammar based on the comparison of word-order between English and Japanese aims at making it easier to discern each Sentence-Portion in the sentence, to see whether it is in Flowing or in Retort, and to understand its function.
- 高知大学の論文
- 1991-12-10
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