都市の生、人の生 : アンドレイ・ベールイ『ペテルブルク』における夏の園

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In Andrei Bely's "Petersburg" we can see parallelism between the images of Petersburg and the images of the Summer Garden. First, in the novel both toposes are places which belong to Peter the Great. The author emphasizes that Peter the Great loved these two places so much and that he himself drew a rough plan of them. Secondly, both places are full of straight lines, which in "Petersburg" symbolize reason, civilization and cosmos, while the fog and vast spaces of Siberia symbolize nature and chaos. A further example of parallelism may be found in their common motif of "stones bitten and broken by sharp teeth of time". In our view, it is important that the author describes the Summer Garden as a place lying in ruins over and over. It is obvious that the description of the dilapidated Summer Garden, which has strong resemblance with Petersburg in the novel, expresses the author's tragic outlook not only on this town, but also on the world and human future. We should note that in "Petersburg" the Summer Garden and Petersburg represent human destiny. It seems reasonable to suppose that episodes of comical women in the Summer Garden symbolize lost human ideal. In these episodes Bely parodies images of "Eternal Feminine (vechnaya zhenstvennost)" with which he became exceedingly obsessed at one time. For poets of Russian symbolism the ideal of the Eternal Feminine was one of most beautiful and precious beliefs. However, in "Petersburg" Bely changes this image from the sublime to the ridiculous. It is important that the author selects the Summer Garden, when he parodies the ideal of the Eternal Feminine. In European mythology and literature a garden is a place, which is associated with sacred women. Garden is the best image to create a double parody of the Eternal Feminine.
2005-03-31

著者

鴻野わか菜
千葉大学文学部

都市の生、人の生 : アンドレイ・ベールイ『ペテルブルク』における夏の園

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