暦と天主教 : 北京のイエズス会士に関する燕行使情報(<特集>ザビエル生誕五百周年-イエズス会とミッション-)

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The Jesuits didn't have any opportunity to enter Korea during the time of the Joseon Dynasty before their dissolution in 1773. However, that didn't mean that there was no communication between the Jesuits and the Korean people. The communication took place through a series of meetings in Beijing through the Korean diplomatic mission (Yean-heang-sa燕行使). Yean-Heang-sa was sent by the Joseon Dynasty every year during the Qing China Dynasty era. We have written records of the meetings. This article analyzes the contents of records on the Jesuits in Beijing from 1645 to 1773. In particular, it examines two images: the Jesuits as calendar-makers and the Jesuits as missionaries. The first image appeared in the 17^<th> century, before the Qing Dynasty removed the ban on visiting the Jesuits in 1712. In Qing China, the Jesuits were specialists who knew the method of making calendars based on the most up-to-date astronomy. In those days, Koreans needed the newest western knowledge of making calendars and tried to make contact with the Jesuits in order to learn that method directly from the missionaries. Yean-heang-sa repeatedly reported about the Jesuits as calendarmakers, but they didn't write anything about the relationship between the Jesuits and Christianity. They never wrote about the persecution of Christianity called "the persecution of the observatory", during which Adam Schall and Ferdinand Verbiest were arrested and the Chinese Christian staff members of the observatory were killed, the Korean envoy reported only about a change in the method of making calendars. There was no information about the reason for this persecution; anti- Christianity sentiment. By the 18^<th> century, the situation had changed. First, Korea lost its interest in the newest astronomy and calendar-making methods, because Korea had absorbed the knowledge it needed. Thus, the scholars had nothing more to learn. Second, after the ban had been removed, the Korean people rushed to the churches, especially to the Nan Tang Church. Most of visitors went there to see the baroque church, but some of them visited to meet the Jesuits and to obtain knowledge about western science. Seeing the inside of the church, the statues and the paintings of Jesus, Mary and other saints stimulated the Koreans' interest in Christianity. Also, the missionaries gave books on Christianity to the visitors. The reports and records about Christianity and Christian mission increased in the 18th century. However, the increase of information didn't mean favorable feelings or positive impressions of Christianity. The more information and contact Yean-heang-sa had with the missionaries, the fewer good feelings and good impressions about Christianity the Korean officials had.
2006-08-01

暦と天主教 : 北京のイエズス会士に関する燕行使情報(<特集>ザビエル生誕五百周年-イエズス会とミッション-)

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