ツンドラ・ネネツのトナカイ牧畜:群管理の構造と実態 : 2005年ギダン・ネネツ春季キャンプ調査報告

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This article concerns about the analysis of recent reindeer herding situation among the Tundra Nenets in the Yamal-Nenets Autonomous District, Russian Far North. After the breakdown of the U.S.S.R. in this District, apart from other regions, the number of domestic reindeer has constantly increased and they constitute over 400f the total number of domestic reindeer in Russia (circ. 1.3million head), over 601143501444f which are kept under private herders. The author analyzes structure of the reindeer herds inside the District, especially among the Gydan Nenets in the Tazovsky administrational region. The result of this analysis shows that ratio of certain categories of the herds (female, male deer and the castrates) reflect the herds' scale and character, and that among private herders the Nenets have routine practice of using female deer as sledders. The author's observation of the reindeer herding in some spring camps inside Gydan Tundra in 2005 made some characteristics of private herds clear, for example: birth season's special care for the herders, the female deer with antler in power, usage of ''longali'' (hanging wooden stick for obstacle to running fast) for the castrates and so on. Beside that, the contemporary practice of using of property marker for reindeer (earmark/khavontir/and body marker/pidte''ma/) is described with concrete examples, corrected during author's fieldwork.
2006-10-10