環境管理システムの意義と構造 : ISO規格を中心に(環太平洋経済圏における産業・経営・会計の諸問題(Part II))
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概要
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The problem facing the earth's environment is that everyone believes that the tolerance of the environment is limitless and so the earth has been used without restraint as a place to dispose of trash. It has been 25 years since the problem of the earth's environment was first taken up by the United Nations, but destruction of the environment continues and the survival of the human race is now threatened. Therefore, the current generation bears the responsibility of maintaining the earth's environment and handing it over to the next generation in a good condition. Conservation of the environment is not a problem of business companies alone, but since the environment is greatly affected by the production activities of companies, demands that they play their part in conservation of the environment are becoming stronger. Therefore, in this paper, the basic principles of environmental management and the functions and structures of environmental management systems are discussed with particular reference to the respective international standards. The earth's environmental problems have several characteristics which are markedly different from those of pollution, and it is necessary to establish effective environmental management systems to cope with these problems based on fundamental principles. These fundamental principles include giving consideration to the environment in management activities, and form the basic guidelines for introducing these concepts and behavior when expanding activities which will lead to sustained environmental improvement. They include the following. (1) Principle of self-management (2) Principle of placing the burden on contaminators (3) Principle of prevention beforehand (4) Principle of reduction of the sources of contamination (5) Principle of sustainability (6) Principle of uncertainty Environmental management systems based on these principles must be constructed to bring together organically the essential elements of plan-do-check-action for environmental activities in companies. This system is incorporated into business activities in general and functions by integration into the overall management system. Therefore, in order to achieve continued environmental improvement environmental management activities serve as an indispensable management policy. Environmental management systems are intended as instruments to manage the environment. As such they function outside the realm of individual awareness and short-term environmental campaigning issues, seeking as systems to continually increase performance and thus achieve environmental improvement. The systems consist of environmental activities and are not concerned with the awareness of individuals or transient movements concerning environmental conservation. Since environmental achievement is greatly affected by the performance of the management system, it is necessary to construct a "solid" system. Conditions for an effective environmental management system include the following: (1) the environmental management systems must be integrated into the overall management system; (2) the elements forming the system must maintain the conformity and unity of the system; (3) the structural elements and their inter-relations must be clear; (4) the standard operating procedures for environmental activities must be defined; (5) the status of these activities must be recorded, and it must be possible to follow up and examine the information; and (6) actual conditions must be reliably monitored and revised on the basis of the recorded results.
- 日本大学の論文
- 1997-03-31
著者
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