タイの国内人口移動 : 1970年代の変化を中心に(我が国の内外をめぐる都市問題,総合研究)

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The extent, causes, selectivity and consequences of rural-urban migration have long been the main subject of research and even of concern in the field of internal migration. Especially, development economics which recognizes rural-urban migration as a necessary concomitant of industrialization and modernization, shows this tendency. And in its framework, it is feared that urbanization may be running ahead of the growth of the secondary sector and that masses of unemployed and under-employed migrants are congregating in the slums of the primate cities. Existing research and studies on internal migration in Thailand are no exception. As to Thailand, the strong attraction of Bangkok metropolitan area as a destination for migrants from the Northeast, the poorest region in the country, has been emphasized. It is true that Bangkok-Thon Buri is the largest net gainer of internal migrants. However, it should be noted that changwats (the Thai word for a province) in the Central and the Northeast Regions have played important roles in internal migration not only as an origin but also as a destination. According to the results of the population censuses, the following features of inter-changwat migration in Thailand over the three periods of 1955-60, 1965-70, and 1975-80, are pointed out: i) Over the three periods, each changwat including Bangkok-Thon Buri has many migrants from contiguous changwats. ii) The internal mobility in Thailand increased from 1955-60 to 1965-70 but it declined to 1975-80. iii) As for rural-rural movement, the destination for migrants in the 1960s was more or less similar to that obtaining in the earlier period. Major destinations for migrants were changwats which have newly developed dry farming since the early 1960s. On the other hand, changwats of traditional rice farming sent many migrants to other changwats. iv) Declining mobility in the 1970s, the number of migrants to the changwats which played important role as a destination in the 1950s and 1960s decreased, while the role of neighboring changwats of Bangkok became more important. v) As for the migration between Bangkok-Thon Buri and other changwats, the volume of migrants has increased over the three periods. As stated in i), many migrants to Bangkok-Thon Buri came from nearby area but the range of origin of the migrants bacame wider in the 1970s. Based on the observation above, the major changes in the 1970s can be summed up in four points: a) internal mobility, especially, intra-regional movement has declined; b) Bangkok and its industrialized vicinity have played more important role as a destination for migrants; c) changwats of dry field farming, which received many migrants in the 1960s, have declined their absoption capacity; and d) rice farming changwats, which were major origins of migrants, have come to play less important part than ever as a sender of migrants. Considering that internal migration of population has an aspect of the geographical redistribution of labor corresponding to the development process of the economy, these chandgs would have much to do with changes in the economy in Thailand. That is, the decrease in migrants to dry field farming area and in migrants from rice farming area would be reflecting the situation of the agricultural sector, and the rapid industrialization would bring the increase in migrants to Bangkok and its industrialized vicinity. In oder to prove the relation between changes in the economic situations and those in internal-migration, further studies on economic development, especially on industrial structural change and labor market are necessary.
日本大学の論文
1988-03-20

著者

渡辺真知子
嘉悦女子短期大学

タイの国内人口移動 : 1970年代の変化を中心に(我が国の内外をめぐる都市問題,総合研究)

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