スウェーデンにおける流通革命 : スウェーデンの小売商研究からのサジェッション(中小小売業に対する政策提案,共同研究)
スポンサーリンク
概要
- 論文の詳細を見る
The distributive revolution in Sweden, as in Japan, which started after the Second World War, has developed more swiftly than that of Japan. For example, the number of stores was reduced by 2/7 in the 1960's. By contrast, in Japan this number has been consistently on the rise since the war. Why has this situation come about? Needless to say it can only be attributed to the intense acceleration of the distributive revolution. Numerous reasons can be offered including population concentration in the cities, increased employment of married women, the popularisation of the automobile, advances in distribution techniques like the self-service system, and unsufficient labour. In addition, many theoretical reasons which can be suggested for the precipitous disappearance of shops, are the slow pace of economic growth, equalization of consumers' tastes, labour problems, low incomes of shopkeepers and the development of social security. Thus the Swedish retail industry has experienced a complete transformation and in the present situation some unique aspects are evident. One is the existence of consumer cooperatives. Sweden is the developed country of this type of cooperatives and the nucleus of the movement is to be found in the consumer cooperatives within the retail industry. During the course of the distributive revolution they acted as pioneers and in doing so increased their market share in the industry. At the present time that share remains at a significant 16.5%. Another special feature is that three large groups, the above mentioned consumer cooperatives and buying group, ICA, and wholesale association, DAGAB control about half the retail market, and they compete among themselves. However, following this tempestuous revolution leading to the present situation, just recently a new trend towards reaction has become apparent. Voices of discontent are being raised among consumers in opposition to the large scale and reduction in number of shops, which accompanied the rationalisation of distribution. In other words, while advantages are forthcoming in terms of price rationalisation and the like, people are complaining about the disappearance of the convenient neighbourhood shop. For Sweden, which places prime importance on the consumer and decisively supports free competition in the private sector, the grievance of the consumer bring about an instantaneous reflection of the industrial structure. The consumer cooperatives, which had taken the lead in large-scale shop ownership, were placed in a difficult situation. They have been forced to respond by opening over 300 convenience stores. Likewise ICA, which originally concentrated on convenience stores, has expanded their market share to 18.5%, thereby overtaking the consumer cooperatives to occupy top position in the industry. It goes without saying that between Japan and Sweden there are considerable differences in terms of natural and social conditions, culture and history. However, it is evident that, at least as far as material welfare is concerned, there are theoretical areas in common. Within these limits the facts about Sweden as stated here can suggest ideas for Japan's policy.
- 日本大学の論文
- 1984-03-20
著者
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