アメリカの州財政とNew Federalism(公共部門とその行・財政・会計的研究,共同研究)
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概要
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The effect on Japan of the State of California's Proposition 13 which was enforced on 6th June, 1978, was extremely refreshing and unprecedented. A broad reduction of property tax was implemented and consequently the question was raised as to how public services could be maintained at all. Moreover, there was no lack of interest in what the aftermath would be. The effects have rippled across the country to involve expenditure and revenue restraints of many state and local governments and at one time a constitutional convention even became a topic of debate. In a chain reaction the revival of conservatism took place and President Reagan took office. He proposed to balance the 1984 Federal Budget. From the middle of the 1960's, starting with the Johnson administration, all domestic related expenditures, which had been directed by the Federal government towards the construction of the welfare state, were on the rise. But especially with the recession of the 1980's the trend has been, like it or not, towards a turnaround. With a background of high unemployment and inflation, the Reagan administration has been attempting to induce business recovery and local decentralization by a wide-ranging reduction on taxes. Alternatively, for the reinstatement of the American positions, he is enthusiastically promoting an increase in military expenditures. The result is that the Federal deficit has been mounting so that now these policies are a matter for concern. In this paper, first an outline of the situation of state finances is given from both the revenue and expenditure viewpoints. Measures for limiting revenues and expenditures are touched on together with the present steps which are being taken to increase taxes. Then the problems resulting from the differences in wealth among the states are discussed. The recent trends in the provision of federal aids to offset these problems of state financing and some related important issues are described. With these various factors in mind, it is thought that an anlysis should be made of the New Federalism advocated by Reagan. So a brief summary of this is given followed by a discussion of the pros and cons in the light of the situation state financings are now in. At the same time various alternative plans and the reasons for and against have been included. With the passing of time it appears that the shape of the original plan for New Federalism is changing in a number of ways. But whatever the case may be, it is an unmistakable fact that since the Great Depression the Tax Revolt has been giving the American people a considerable ordeal, notwithstanding success or failure. How they will cope is open to question.
- 日本大学の論文
- 1984-03-20
著者
関連論文
- アメリカにおけるRevenue Sharingの研究
- アメリカの州財政とNew Federalism(公共部門とその行・財政・会計的研究,共同研究)
- アメリカの州財政とNew Federalism (公共部門とその行・財政・会計的研究)
- アメリカにおけるRevenue Sharingの研究