アメリカにおけるRevenue Sharingの研究
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概要
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The general revenue sharing started under the proposal of new federalism of President Richard Nixon has been in force for nearly 10 years through the Administrations of Presidents Gerald Ford and Jimmy Carter. In fiscal 1981, about $6.2 billion is to be distributed under the system. This essay first offered a brief history of the introduction concerning categorical grants by the U.S. government, then took up various GRS plans and their alternatives, further touched on the outline of the GRS, introducing present analyses of the GRS centered on studies done by such a man like P. R. Dommel who says that the GRS is operating relatively well as a result of the measurement of GRS effects. And it also introduced the studies done by G. R. Stephens and R. D. Reischaurer, who have the opinion that the GRS is not necessarily achieving its objectives. This Reischaurer's theory, being advanced on the basis of analyses of complex conditions of present local governments, is consequently considered persuasive. At any rate, it has been known well that categorical grants have their own merits and demerits. Same can be said about block grants. However, it goes without saying that the latter is less complex and draws less pressure from the federal government than the former and at the same time offer more free hand to local governments. As is known widely, it is becoming increasingly difficult for local goverments to increase taxes following Prop. 13 in the state of California in June 1978 and municipal governments of big cities are still in financial crisis as a result of middle class white people's flight from urban areas to suburban areas since the 1960s. Taxpayers in the state of Massachusetts won tax cuts through the referendum in the autumn of last year. However, this state does not have state surplus like California. Where on earth will the local governments of this country seek necessary financial resources in the time ahead? I think how to handle the GRS is one of the tests for the administration of President Ronald Reagan which came to power with a proposal for "a cheap government." Thus I am paying attention to what the Reagan Administration will do with the GRS. To have a look at the present conditions of our country, despite so much clamour about the era of local governments, the storm of tax increases for the financial crisis has begun raging. The so-called 30 percent local governments will continue for some time but we have the conquer them. Thus it is considered that serious discussion should be made in our country than in the United States concerning the introduction of such a system like the GRS as a first step to overcome such as status quo in Japan.
- 1981-03-20
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関連論文
- アメリカにおけるRevenue Sharingの研究
- アメリカの州財政とNew Federalism(公共部門とその行・財政・会計的研究,共同研究)
- アメリカの州財政とNew Federalism (公共部門とその行・財政・会計的研究)
- アメリカにおけるRevenue Sharingの研究