REEXAMINATION OF MONONOBE-OKABE THEORY OF GRAVITY RETAINING WALLS USING CENTRIFUGE MODEL TESTS
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概要
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Gravity retaining walls are widely used in Japan because of their simplicity of structure and ease of construction. In design procedure, the seismic coefficient method is widely employed, in which the earth pressure and inertia force are calculated by converting the seismic force into a static load. Earth pressure is usually calculated by the Mononobe-Okabe formula, which applies Coulomb's earth pressure computed from the equilibrium of forces in the static state. However, the Hyogoken-Nambu Earthquake of 1995 prompted the need to reexamine seismic design methods for various civil engineering structures. Gravity retaining wall is one of such structures whose seismic design has to be reexamined and rationalized. At this moment there is no clear empirical basis for converting the seismic force into a static load. The design method has to take into account the behavior of gravity retaining walls during earthquakes. At the Public Works Research Institute, model tests were conducted on gravity retaining walls using a centrifuge. The acceleration and displacement of a retaining wall and its back fill as well as the earth pressure acting on the wall were measured simultaneously together with the deformation behavior of the wall and its back fill, using a high-precision high-speed camera. The data show that the hypothetical conditions of the Mononobe-Okabe formula do not appropriately express the real behavior of back fill and gravity retaining walls during earthquakes.
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