土佐浄瑠璃の脚色法(三) : 景清物「蓬莱源氏」の位相

概要

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Among works in Kinsei (the period between the Medieval Ages and the Modern Age in Japan) Drama there are many called Kagekiyomono whose hero is Akushichibyoe Kagekiyo, a warrior of Heike (Taira family). Kagekiyo-mono originally comes from both Bukyoku-Kagekiyo and Yokyoku-Kagekiyo of Medieval Ages. In Bukyoku-Kagekiyo Kagekiyo, even after the fall of the Heikes, would not yield to Yoritomo-and keeps trying to kill him. After imprisonment and prison-breaking Kagekiyo finally changed his mind and surrendered to Yoritomo because Yoritomo was lenient enough to let him survive instead of killing him. He, being grateful for Yoritomo's kindness, pluck out his own eyes so that he could never be disloyal to Yoritomo. In this work Kagekiyo is described as a faithful warrior who would do anything to keep fidelity to his own principle. Yokyoku-Kagekiyo is formed as a sequel to Bukyoku-Kagekiyo. Here, Hitomaru, Kagekiyo's daughter, visits her blind father who confines himself in Hyuga. He tells his daughter about the Battle of Yashima. Bukyoku-Kagekiyo is later applied to Ko-joruri-Kagekiyo, and then Monzaemon Chikamatsu used it to write Shusse-Kagekiyo (performed in 1685). Thus Bukyoku-Kagekiyo is established as a Kinsei tragedy. Yokyoku-Kagekiyo was rewritten into Kamakura-sodenikki in the Hoei era (around 1704) whose climax is the scene in which Hitomaru-hime visits her father in Hyuga and tries to persuade him to have his eyes treated with the money she earned by prostitution. Bukyoku-Kagekiyo can be classified as Daibutsu-kuyo-kei (type) while Yokyoku-Kagekiyo as Hyuga-kei. Horai-Genji makes Hitomaru-hime, Kagekiyo's daughter, its heroine. Hitomaru-hime feels sad about her father still trying to kill Yoritomo, and tries with love to persuade him to obey Yoritomo faithfully. Kagekiyo is deeply moved by her love and decides to follow her advice. Then he asks Asahina to help him pluck out his eyes to show his loyalty to Yoritomo. Thus, the main theme of Horai-Genji is Hitomaru-hime's devoted love to her father. But at the same time, it describes the character of Kagekiyo as a brave warrior. Here, the important scenes of Daibutsu-kuyo-kei such as the imprisonment, the prison-breaking and the plucking out of the eyes are described in correlation to Hitomaru-hime who is the main character of Hyuga-kei. Therefore, we can say that Horai-Genji is the first work to combine the two types, Daibutsu-kuyo-kei and Hyuga-kei. That is to say, Horai-Genji is at the point of fusion of the two types. Kagekiyo-mono in Kabuki and Joruri after Horai-Genji followed the method that Horai-Genji originated, that is, the fusion of the two types.
1982-03-20

土佐浄瑠璃の脚色法(三) : 景清物「蓬莱源氏」の位相

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